The Benefits of Electrical Stimulation for Improving Movement and Upper Limb Function After Stroke
At PhysioGain, we recognise the effectiveness and benefit of utilising electrical stimulation, which is why we like to use it as part of our treatment toolkit, but why?
Recovering movement after a stroke can be challenging. Many people experience weakness, stiffness, or loss of control in the arm, leg and hand - making daily tasks difficult. Alongside traditional physiotherapy, electrical stimulation (ES) — sometimes called neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or functional electrical stimulation (FES), is a great tool to utilise.
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What is Electrical Stimulation?
ES involves placing small electrodes on the skin over the muscles. These electrodes deliver gentle electrical pulses that make the muscles contract, similar to how the brain normally signals them.
By repeatedly pairing stimulation with movement practice, ES can help “re-train” the brain and muscles to work together again.
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Benefits of Electrical Stimulation After Stroke
1. Improved Muscle Activation
ES can help activate muscles that feel “switched off” after stroke. Research shows it can increase voluntary muscle activity and strength in the affected arm.
• Reference: Howlett OA, Lannin NA, Ada L, McKinstry C. Functional electrical stimulation improves activity after stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(5):934-943.
2. Enhanced Neuroplasticity
The brain has the ability to adapt and form new connections after injury — a process called neuroplasticity. When combined with active movement practice, ES can strengthen these new pathways.
• Reference: Eraifej J, Clark W, France B, Desando S, Moore D. Effectiveness of upper limb functional electrical stimulation after stroke for the improvement of activities of daily living and motor function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2017;6:40.
3. Reduction in Spasticity
Spasticity (stiff, tight muscles) is common after stroke and can interfere with movement. ES has been shown to reduce spasticity, making stretching and functional activities easier.
• Reference: Eraifej J et al. (2017) – same review above also found benefits in reducing tone.
4. Better Functional Use
Research suggests ES can improve hand function, leg strength, and the ability to perform meaningful activities such as reaching, grasping, and self-care tasks.
• Reference: Powell J, Pandyan AD, Granat M, Cameron M, Stott DJ. Electrical stimulation of wrist extensors in post-stroke hemiplegia. Stroke. 1999;30(7):1384-1389.
5. Increased Motivation
For many stroke survivors, seeing their hand or arm move again with stimulation is encouraging. This positive feedback often boosts confidence and motivation to keep practising.
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How Electrical Stimulation is Used in Rehab
• Tailored Programmes – A physiotherapist selects the right settings and muscle groups for each patient.
• Combined with Exercise – ES is most effective when paired with active attempts to move. For example, stimulation may help the hand open while the patient tries to grasp a cup.
• Safe and Monitored – ES is non-invasive and generally well tolerated when used under professional guidance.
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Is Electrical Stimulation Right for You?
Not everyone is suitable for ES, as it depends on the type of stroke, medical history, and current health. At PhysioGain our specialist physiotherapist can advise whether it’s appropriate and design a programme tailored to your goals.
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Final Thoughts
Electrical stimulation is not a standalone cure, but when combined with structured neurorehabilitation, it can be a powerful tool for improving arm, leg and hand recovery after stroke. With the right support, it may help stroke survivors regain independence and quality of life.
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👉 If you live in Northampton and would like to explore whether electrical stimulation could support your stroke recovery at home, get in touch to arrange a personalised assessment.